European Traditional Sports and Games Association

The project Culture 2000

Intercultural project “Plays with your heart, share your culture!”
Achieved with the help of the European Union “Culture 2000” program

(November 2005 to October 2006)

The CULTURE in the light of the TRADITIONAL GAMES

The different actions of the project were to achieve in the participating regions:

  • A collection of the adults Traditional Games and Sports practised currently
  • A collection of the videos and Web sites
  • A scientific data base integrating different parameters
  • A scientific analysis (with a educational goal) of these different parameters
  • Video rushes of the games in activity
  • A DVD (cutting) doing the synthesis of the different local videos
  • Publications concerning the project in several scientific magazines
  • A final Convention articulated around two themes: every morning a symposium with the results of the actions every afternoon a festival of traditional games
  • A Web portal on JUGAJE.com to discover a dozen of games per region
  • A book of acts of the Convention
cultura2000

9 Co-organisers

Director of the project: Traditional games Museum of Campo (Aragon – Spain)
INEFC – National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia – University of Lleida (Catalonia)
CPCPTC: Center for Promotion of the Popular and Traditional Catalan Culture (Catalonia)
FC BOLOS: Cantabrian federation of Skittles  (Cantabria)
FALSAB: Breton traditional sports & games confederation (Brittany – France)
VVC: Vlaamse Volssportcentrale – The Flemish Folk Games Central (Flanders – Belgium)
FDFR 32: Fédération Départementale des Foyers ruraux du Gers (Midi Pyrénées – France)
FCBB: Catalan skittles federation (Catalonia)
ODIANA: Association for the development of the Baixo Guadiana (Portugal)

12 Partners

ETSGA – European Traditional Sports and Games Association (International organisation)
FILC – International federation of celtic wrestling (International organisation)
Consejo General de Colegios Officiales en Education Fisica y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y el Deporte de España , Madrid (Spain)
VLaS – Vlaamse Traditionele Sporten – Flamish confederation (Flanders  – Belgium)
University of la Laguna, Tenerife – (Canaries Island – Spain)
University of Las Palmas, Grand Canaria – (Canaries Island – Spain)
CPEFC – Colegio de Profesores de Educación Fisica de Cataluña (Catalonia – Spain)
AWF – Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego , ethnology of sport laboratory (Poznañ – Poland)
IES FLIX, Val d’Aran centre for secondary education (Catalonia – Spain)
CTS national des quilles de huit, skittle of eight section of the FFBSQ (Aveyron – France)
Museo de Tárrega , (Catalonia – Spain)
FENT – Federaxon Esport Nohtra Tera (Val d’Aosta – Italy)
AGXPT– Galician association for traditional games and sports, investigador patrimonio lúdico gallego (Galicia – Spain)
Catholic University of Murcia – Facultad Ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte (Murcia. Spain)

CLASSIFICATION TYPOLOGY OF THE TRADITIONAL GAMES IN EUROPE

carte europe Islas Canaria Aragón Midi-Pyrénées Cantabria Catalunya Valencia Murcia Baixo Guadiana Poznañ Vlaanderen Bretagne

Classification typology of the traditional games in Europe

– Classification elaborated after the European seminaries of the Council of Europe: VILA REAL, Portugal (1988), and LEUVEN, Belgium (1990) by Roland Renson, Michel Manson, Erik de Vroede *. Updates and additions by Guy Jaouen, Spring 2001, and Pere Lavega Burguès, Spring 2003.
Note: This list only gives examples of games and doesn’t have the ambition to be exhaustive.

* Renson R; Manson M; De Vroede E; 1991, Typology for the classification of traditional games in Europe, in: De Vroede E; Renson R (eds), Proceedings of the Second European Seminar on Traditional Games (Leuven 1990), Leuven; Vlaamse Volkssport Centrale, pp. 69-81.

1 – BALL GAMES

CONCEPT :
-There is interaction between the players by means of the ball
-The ball is malleable


GAMES

1.1

without instruments

 

 

1.1.1.

With the hands or with the upper limbs (Hand, elbow, arm)

Hand Ball (Irlande)
Kaatsen (B ; Nl) / Eskuzka (Pays Basque)
Pasaka (E)
Pelota Valenciana (Valencia, E)
Balle au poing (Picardie-F)
Fives (GB) / Muurkaatsen (B)
Pallone elastico (I)
Pelota a mano (Canarias, E)

1.1.2

The feet or lower limbs (foot, leg, knee)

 

1.1.3

Both

Knappan (Wales)
Gaelic football (IRL)
La soule (F)
Hurling (Cornwall)

1.2

with instrument

 

1.2.1

Racket

Courte paume (F)
Longue paume (Picardie-F) / Real tennis (GB)
Balle au tambourin (Sud de la France)
Tamburello (I)

1.2.2

Stick

Crosse (B-Wallonie ; F) ou Bazik Kamm (Bret.)
Joga de reca (P)
Shinty (Ecosse)
Hurling ; camogie (IRL)
Ebo, Curra (E)

1.2.3

Chistera

Cesta punta (Pays Basque- F; E)

1.2.4

Other

 

2 – BOWL AND PINS GAMES

CONCEPT:
- The spheroid is a characteristic element of the bowl
-The bowl is not malleable
-The bowl rolls or glides


GAMES

2.1

Bowls games
Concept: « to approach »

 

2.1.1

Without instrument

 

2.1.1.1

Marbles (nuts,…)

Jeux de billes

2.1.1.2

Round bowls

Boules lyonnaises (F)
Ronde bol (B- Vlaanderen)
Pétanque (F)
Boules bretonnes Plombées à cinq plombs
(Ouest Bretagne-F)
Boules bretonnes plombées à un plomb (Bretagne-F)
Boules bretonnes (Bretagne-F)
Boultenn (Bretagne-F))
Billar romano (Castilla y León, E)

2.1.1.3

Flat bowls

Krubol (B- Vlaanderen)
Gaaibol (B- Vlaanderen) / boule à l’oiseau (F)
Boules de fort (Anjou-F)
Sjoelbak (NL ; B)
Boules flamandes (F)
Flat green bowls (GB)
Hoyete, tabla (E)
Arrimar (E)
Toka (E)

2.1.1.4

Hanging bowl

Boule pendante (Bretagne-F)
Birinig (Bret.-F)
Tafelkegelen (B) / table skittles
Pendelkegelen (D)

2.1.1.5

Other

EisschieBen (A ; D)
Curling (GB ; CH ; Irl)

2.1.2

With instrument

Kolven (NL)
Billard / Billar/ Billiards
Hornussen (CH)
Tsan (I)
Beugeulen / jeu de passe (NL ; B ; D)
Schuiftafel / jeu de fer (B)

2.2

Skittle games
Concept: « to knock down »

 

2.2.1

With bowls

Quilles du Poher (O. Bretagne-F)
Kilhoù kozh (O. Bret.-F)
Quilles du Cap Sizun (O. Bret.-F)
Quilles du Pays Glazik (O.Bret.-F)
Kilhoù bro leon (O.Bret.-F)
Quilles du Leon droit (O.Bret.-F)
Kilhoù an allez a dro (O.Bret.-F)
Quilles du Pomeleuc (E. Bret.-F)
Quilles de Loudéac (E. Bret.-F)
Quilles de Muel (E.Bret.-F)
Quilles de Marsac (E.Bret.F)
Quillettes de Bignon (O.Bret.-F)
Quilles de l'Aveyron (F)
Vlugbaan kegelen (B)
Pierbol (B) / Jeu de Siam (F)
Quilles de schere / Kegeln (B; D)
Bolo Palma (Cantabria, Asturias E)
Birllas (Campo, E)
Bolo Ribereño (Castilla y Leon, E)
Bolo Segoviano (Segovia, E)
Bolo Huertano (Murcia, E)
Quilles (Cataluña, E)
Bolo Cartagenero (Murcia, E)
Bolo Alaves (Pais Vasco, E)
Cuatreada (Asturias, E)
Bolo Leonés (Castilla y León, E)
Bolo Pasiego (Cantabria, E)

2.2.2

With sticks

Karelian pins (SF)
Irish Skittles (IRL)
Quilles au maillet (F)
Quilles de six (Sud Ouest-F)
Bitlles (Cataluña, E)
Birles (Valencia, E)
Bolinches (Aragón, E)
Billa (Cuenca, E)

2.3

Skittle games
Concept: « to throw away"

 

2.3.1

With bowls

Bolo Celta (Galicia, E)
Bolo de Viana (Asturias, E)
Bolo Cervato (Castilla y León, E)
Bolo Maragato (Castilla y León, E)
Bolo Berciano (Asturias, E)
Bolo de Tineo (Cantabria, E)
Batiente de Carreño (País Vasco, E)
Pasabolo losa (País Vasco, E)
Pasabolo tablon (País Vasco, E)
Pasabolo Burgales (Castilla y León,E)

2.3.2

With a puck

Palet Gascon (S.Ouest.-F)
Galoche Bigoudène (O. Bret.-F)
Galoche sur billot (O.Bret.-F)
Palet de Redon ou Pitao (E.Bret.-F)
Ar c'haloj (Centre Bret.-F)
Palet portugais
Tanga, tejo, uta, tuta, tella, Canut (E)

3 – THROWING GAMES

CONCEPT: Throwing an object is the major characteristic

GAMES

3.1

Discs and rings
concept: dexterity

 

3.1.1

Discs or pucks

Stopschieten (B-Vlaanderen)
Jeu de bouchon (F)
Palet (I)
La toka (E)
Palet sur plomb (Vendée-F)
Palaiton (Vendée-F)
Palet sur planche (E.Bret.-F)
Palet sur route et sur cible (Centre Bret.-F)
Palet sur terre (O.Bret.-F)
Jeu du Pêchou (O.Bret.-F)
Palet de Mamers (Normandie-F)
Jeu de grenouille (B ; E ; P) /
Tonspel (B- Vlaanderen)
Meetschieten (B- Vlaanderen)
Struifwerpen (B- Vlaanderen)
Varpa (S)
Malha (P)
Skotthyll (N)

3.1.2

Rings « quoits »

Le fer à cheval / lanzamiento herradura/ horse shoe throwing (Irl; Ecosse)
Les anneaux (B)
Jeu de fer (B)
Steel ring quoits (IRL)
Quoiting (Ecosse; Galles; Irl)

3.2

Sticks and darts
Concept: accuracy, target

 

3.2.1

Sticks

Bricolet (B-Wallonie)
Pagschieten (B- Vlaanderen)
Jeu de billon (F-Pas de Calais)

3.2.2

Darts

Darts (GB)
Vogelpik (B)
Les fléchettes (F)
Struifvogel (B-Vlaanderen)
Javelot (Picardie-F ; B-Vlaanderen)

3.3

Other instruments
Concept: distance or height

 

3.3.1

Hammer

Throwing the hammer (GB)

3.3.2

Sheaf

Le lancer du ballot (F)
Tossing the sheaf (IRL)
Lancer de la botte de Paille (Bret.-F)

3.3.3

Bullet

Klootschieten (NL)
Bosseln (D)
Bullets / road bowls (IRL)

3.3.4

Weight

Jet de la pierre (CH)
Tossing the weight (GB)
Lancer de la pierre lourde (F)

3.3.5

Pole

Tossing the caber (GB)
Jogo do panco (P)

3.3.6

Others

Barra Leonesa, Aragonesa (E)
Kiskassen /
Jeu du bâtonnet (B ; F ; DK)

3.4

Top games

Le sabot / Whipping top
La toupie /peonza/ Spinning top
La table à toupie / top table

3.5

Games of throw and catch

Osselets / tabas/Knuchelbones
Bilboquet
Jojo/yoyo
Diabolo
Les jonchets / Spillikins

4 - SHOOTING GAMES

CONCEPT: With a propulsive instrument

GAMES

4.1

Long-bow and crossbow

 

4.1.1

Long-bow

 

4.1.1.1

Shooting at a vertical pole

Staande wip
Papegaaischieten /
Tir au papegay (B ; F ; NL)

4.1.1.2

Shooting at a horizontal pole

Liggende wip (B ; F ; NL)

4.1.1.3

Target shooting

 

4.1.2

Crossbow

 

4.1.2.1

Shooting at the vertical pole

Staande wip (B ; F ; NL)
Papegaaischieten /
Tir au papegey (B ; F ; NL)

4.1.2.2

Target shooting

Balestra (I)
Balboog (B-Vlaanderen)

4.1.3

Catapult

 

4.2

Fire-arms

 

4.2.1

Shooting at a vertical pole

Buksschieten (B ; NL)
Klepschieten (B-Vlaanderen)

4.2.2

Target shooting

 

4.3

Blowpipe

Jeu de la Sarbacane (F)

4.4

Sling

Tiro de honda (Islas Baleares-E)

4.5

Others

 

5 – FIGHTING AND JOUSTING GAMES

CONCEPT: Confrontation between human being, with or without instruments

GAMES

5.1

without instruments

 

5.1.1

Wrestling without instruments

Cornish Wrestling (GB)
Gouren (F)
Lucha canaria (E)
Galhofa (P)
Boxe française (F)
Arm wrestling (I)
Bras de fer (F)
Fingerhaklen (D ; A)
Glima (IS, S)
Schwingen (CH)
Ranggeln (CH ; A ; D ; I)
Combats d’échasses (B)
S'Istrumpa (Sard-It)
Back Hold (GB)
Lucha leonesa (Castilla y León, E)
Karten Ringen (A)
Pehlivan (Mak, Bul, Gr)

5.1.2

Wrestling with instruments

Bazh-yod (F)
Vazh-a-benn (F)
Tug-of-war (Irl, B, UK)
tiro de soga (E)
tire à la corde (F)
Stick Pulling (IRL ; G.B.)
La siega (E)

5.2

Confrontation with instruments

 

5.2.1

Sticks, lances

Joute à la lance (B)
Joute nautique (F ; B)
Jogo de pau (P)
Bouhourt
Palo canario (E)
Short stick (UK)
Long stick (UK)

5.2.2

others

Joute sur la poutre
Cheval saint Genou (F)

5.3

Confrontation against objets

 

5.3.1

Jousts against the resistance of objects

Corte de troncos horizontales y verticales (E)
Bûcheronnage (F)
Drilling stones contests (UK)

5.3.2

Jousting for dexterity

Jeu de bagues (B ; F ; NL)
Quintana (I)
Baquet russe (F)
La lance mouillée (F ; B)

6 – ANIMAL GAMES

CONCEPT : Jeux avec des animaux

GAMES

6.1

The animal is the playing object (crual games)

 

6.2

Confrontation man versus animal

Courses de taureaux (F)
Katknuppelen (B) /
Tonabschlagen (A)
Fauconnerie / falconry (Nl ; B),
Encierro (E)

6.3

Competition between animals

 

6.3.1

Combats

Combats de coqs / peleas de gallos/
Cock fighting (B ; F,E)

6.3.2

Racing

La colombophilie / duivensport /colombofilia/ pigeon racing
Course de chiens /carrera de perros/ dog racing (GB)

6.3.3

Warbling

Vinkenzetten / pînsonnerie (B ; F)
Hanekraaien / Chants de coqs (F ; B)

7 – LOCOMOTION GAMES

CONCEPT: To move oneself or to move an object

GAMES

7.1

Moving oneself

 

7.1.1

without instruments

 

7.1.1.1

Running and chassing

Jeu de barre (F)
Hill Race (GB)
Corridor de cantaros (P)
Course du meunier (Bret.-F)
Porteurs de lait (Eusk.-Es)
Carreras de cántaros (E)
Carreras de cintas (E)
Carreras de pollos (E)

7.1.1.2

Swimming

 

7.1.1.3

Jumping and skipping

La marelle / Rayuela/Hopscotch
Saut à la corde / Saltar a la cuerda/ Rope skipping
Course en sac /carreras sacos/ Sack race
Course à l’oeuf

7.1.1.4

Climbing

Mastklimmen
Mât de cocagne (B ; F)
Cucañas verticales y horizontales (E)

7.1.1.5

Balance

Boegsprietlopen (B)

7.1.2

with instruments

Bicyclette
Patinette / Patinete/ Scooter
Patins / Patines/Skates
Skis
Luge / Sledge
Echasses /Zancos/ Stilts
Balançoire /Balancíng/ Swing
Pole Waulting (GB) /
Fierljeppen (NL)
Canotage
Vela, Llagut (E)

7.2

Being moved

 

7.2.1

Animals

Course d’ânes /Carrera Burros/
Donkey races (B)
Courses de chevaux
Palio (I)

7.2.2

Vehicle / engine

Char à voile / Sand yachting
La voile / Embarcaciones/ Sailing

7.3

Moving an object

 

7.3.1

By lifting

Putting the stone (UK)
Le lever de la perche (F)
Le lever de l’essieu (F)
Levantamiento de piedras (E)
Lever de la civière (F)
Levantamiento de cántaros (E)
Alzamiento de carro (E)
Levantamiento de Arado (E)

7.3.2

To pull

Traîner de pierre (E) Arrastre de piedras (E)

8 – ACROBATICS

CONCEPT: Performances requiring skillful control of the body

GAMES

8.1

Use of the body

Castells (Cataluña, E)
La revuelta del pastor (E)